Attacking FDE hardware solutions

Many companies tout hard drives with built in encryption as the solution to the Cold Boot Attack. Additionally, these drives are sold as a major step forward in overall data security. In theory, this sounds like a good idea; in practice this could go horribly wrong.

This project is currently in a research state to find different drives that claim to offer specific security properties. It is expected that many products will fail even the most cursory look.

Please add links to products, vendors, standards, prices and places to purchase hardware. At some point, we'll start acquiring hardware to do specific implementation analysis.

Drive manufacturers and specific drive models

• Seagate
  • Cheetah® 15K.6 and Cheetah FDE Hard Drives
    "The Cheetah 15K.6 FDE drive is available only to major OEM suppliers."
• Hitachi
  "Hitachi offers the BDE option on all new 2.5-inch SATA hard disk drive products beginning with those launched in 2007, including both the 7200 RPM and 5400 RPM product lines. Hitachi also offers the BDE option on Deskstar products introduced in 2008 and beyond."
  • Travelstar 5K500.B
  • Travelstar 7K320
  • Travelstar 5K320
• IBM
  • IBM RAID products for System x (including support for disk encryption)
• Lenovo
  • ThinkPad 160GB and 200GB FDE 7200rpm Serial ATA Hard drives
• Ironkey
  • Basic
  • Enterprise

Previously published research

• Heise successfully attacked the Easy Nova Data Box PRO-25UE RFID

Standards and Whitepapers relating to FDE at the hardware level

• Trusted Computing Group
  • Storage Specifications
  • Storage Architecture Core Specification v1.0 rev0.9 this is what the drives implement
• IEEE
  • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_P1619
  • Letter of Assurance from IBM re P1619.1/D17

• Seagate
  • http://www.seagate.com/staticfiles/SeagateCryptofaceoff.pdf
  • http://www.seagate.com/staticfiles/docs/pdf/whitepaper/tp596_128-bit_versus_256_bit.pdf
  • http://www.seagate.com/staticfiles/docs/pdf/security/Tech_Paper_Enables_Robust_Security.pdf
  • http://www.seagate.com/docs/pdf/whitepaper/HDpasswrd_TP580-1-0710US.pdf
  • http://www.seagate.com/docs/pdf/whitepaper/Seagate-crypto-bakeoff.pdf
  • http://www.seagate.com/docs/pdf/whitepaper/tp596_128-bit_versus_256_bit.pdf
  • http://www.seagate.com/docs/pdf/whitepaper/Server&Drive%20Security%20Threats%20rev%204%203.pdf
  • http://www.seagate.com/docs/pdf/whitepaper/DataCtrSec_TP583-1-0711USr4.pdf Also mentions participation in IEEE 1619

• Hitachi
  • http://www.hitachigst.com/tech/techlib.nsf/techdocs/74D8260832F2F75E862572D7004AE077/$file/bulk_encryption_white_paper.pdf
    The above whitepaper refers to FIPS 197 certification and the NIST AES Validation List, which informs us that Hitachi uses AES 128 or 256 in ECB mode: Part # 1 entry, 128-bit Part # 4 entry, either 128-bit or 256-bit (NB: large slow HTML table)
  • Bulk Data Encryption FAQ

Other related documents

• List of FDE (SW & HW) providers
• IBM FAQ on FDE
• Computer World (heavy on the marketing)

Terminology

• FDE - Full Disk Encryption
• BDE - Bulk Data Encryption
• OTFE - On-the-fly encryption